Risk | High |
Patch available | YES |
Number of vulnerabilities | 21 |
CVE-ID | CVE-2023-2312 CVE-2023-4349 CVE-2023-4350 CVE-2023-4351 CVE-2023-4352 CVE-2023-4353 CVE-2023-4354 CVE-2023-4355 CVE-2023-4356 CVE-2023-4357 CVE-2023-4358 CVE-2023-4359 CVE-2023-4360 CVE-2023-4361 CVE-2023-4362 CVE-2023-4363 CVE-2023-4364 CVE-2023-4365 CVE-2023-4366 CVE-2023-4367 CVE-2023-4368 |
CWE-ID | CWE-416 CWE-358 CWE-843 CWE-122 CWE-119 CWE-20 CWE-264 |
Exploitation vector | Network |
Public exploit | Public exploit code for vulnerability #10 is available. |
Vulnerable software Subscribe |
Fedora Operating systems & Components / Operating system chromium Operating systems & Components / Operating system package or component |
Vendor | Fedoraproject |
Security Bulletin
This security bulletin contains information about 21 vulnerabilities.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79536
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-2312
CWE-ID:
CWE-416 - Use After Free
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within the Offline component in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it, trigger use-after-free error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability may allow an attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79537
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4349
CWE-ID:
CWE-416 - Use After Free
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within the Device Trust Connectors component in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it, trigger use-after-free error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability may allow an attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79538
Risk: Medium
CVSSv3.1: 6.5 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4350
CWE-ID:
CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise the affected system.
The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in Fullscreen in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and compromise the system.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79539
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4351
CWE-ID:
CWE-416 - Use After Free
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within the Network component in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it, trigger use-after-free error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability may allow an attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79540
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4352
CWE-ID:
CWE-843 - Type confusion
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.
The vulnerability exists due to a type confusion error within the V8 component in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it, trigger a type confusion error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in complete compromise of vulnerable system.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79541
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4353
CWE-ID:
CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
The vulnerability exists due to a boundary error when processing untrusted HTML content in ANGLE. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into opening it, trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and execute arbitrary code on the target system.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79542
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4354
CWE-ID:
CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
The vulnerability exists due to a boundary error when processing untrusted HTML content in Skia. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into opening it, trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and execute arbitrary code on the target system.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79543
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4355
CWE-ID:
CWE-119 - Memory corruption
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise the affected system.
The vulnerability exists due to a boundary error in V8 in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim to visit a specially crafted webpage, trigger a stack-based buffer overflow and execute arbitrary code on the system.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79544
Risk: Medium
CVSSv3.1: 5.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4356
CWE-ID:
CWE-416 - Use After Free
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within Audio in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim into visiting a specially crafted web page, trigger a use-after-free error and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79545
Risk: Medium
CVSSv3.1: 5.9 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4357
CWE-ID:
CWE-20 - Improper input validation
Exploit availability: Yes
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.
The vulnerability exists due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input in XML in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability. However, proof of concept for this vulnerability is available.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79546
Risk: Medium
CVSSv3.1: 5.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4358
CWE-ID:
CWE-416 - Use After Free
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within DNS in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim into visiting a specially crafted web page, trigger a use-after-free error and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79547
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.1 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4359
CWE-ID:
CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.
The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in App Launcher in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79548
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.1 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4360
CWE-ID:
CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.
The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in Color in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79549
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.1 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4361
CWE-ID:
CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.
The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79550
Risk: Medium
CVSSv3.1: 6.5 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4362
CWE-ID:
CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
The vulnerability exists due to a boundary error when processing untrusted HTML content in Mojom IDL. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into opening it, trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and execute arbitrary code on the target system.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79551
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.1 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4363
CWE-ID:
CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.
The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in WebShare in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79552
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.1 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4364
CWE-ID:
CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.
The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in Permission Prompts in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79553
Risk: High
CVSSv3.1: 7.1 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4365
CWE-ID:
CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.
The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in Fullscreen in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79554
Risk: Medium
CVSSv3.1: 5.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4366
CWE-ID:
CWE-416 - Use After Free
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.
The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within Extensions in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim into visiting a specially crafted web page, trigger a use-after-free error and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79555
Risk: Medium
CVSSv3.1: 4.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4367
CWE-ID:
CWE-264 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to bypass implemented security restrictions.
The vulnerability exists due to insufficient policy enforcement in Extensions API in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim to visit a specially crafted website, bypass implemented security measures and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.
EUVDB-ID: #VU79556
Risk: Medium
CVSSv3.1: 4.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-4368
CWE-ID:
CWE-264 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls
Exploit availability: No
DescriptionThe vulnerability allows a remote attacker to bypass implemented security restrictions.
The vulnerability exists due to insufficient policy enforcement in Extensions API in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim to visit a specially crafted website, bypass implemented security measures and gain access to sensitive information.
MitigationInstall updates from vendor's repository.
Vulnerable software versionsFedora: 37
chromium: before 116.0.5845.96-1.fc37
CPE2.3 External linkshttp://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-5416cd3040
Q & A
Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?
Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.
Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?
No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.